What is Leptospirosis?
Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection caused by spiral-shaped bacteria called Leptospira. It can affect both humans and animals, and is often referred to as Weil's disease in its severe form.
How Is It Transmitted?
- Contact with water, soil, or mud contaminated by infected animal urine
- Direct contact with infected animal urine
- Contact with infected animal tissue
- Ingestion of contaminated food or water
Risk Factors
- Occupational exposure (farmers, veterinarians, sewage workers)
- Recreational activities (swimming, kayaking, hiking)
- Living in tropical or subtropical regions
- Poor sanitation conditions
Common Symptoms
Early Stage (3-7 days)
- High fever
- Severe headache
- Muscle aches
- Chills
- Red eyes
- Nausea and vomiting
Severe Stage (Weil's Disease)
- Jaundice (yellow skin and eyes)
- Kidney failure
- Liver dysfunction
- Meningitis
- Respiratory distress
Diagnosis
- Blood tests
- Urine tests
- PCR testing
- Antibody testing
Treatment Options
-
Antibiotics
- Doxycycline
- Penicillin
- Ampicillin
-
Supportive Care
- Fluid replacement
- Pain management
- Fever control
Prevention
- Avoid swimming in potentially contaminated water
- Wear protective clothing when in high-risk areas
- Practice good hygiene
- Control rodent populations
- Vaccinate pets
When to Seek Medical Care
Seek immediate medical attention if you:
- Develop severe symptoms
- Have been exposed to potentially contaminated water
- Have had contact with infected animals
Prognosis
Most cases are mild and resolve within a few weeks with proper treatment. Severe cases require hospitalization but have good outcomes with early intervention.
Follow-up Care
- Regular check-ups during recovery
- Liver and kidney function monitoring
- Completion of prescribed antibiotics