Understanding Kneecap Dislocation

What Is a Dislocated Kneecap?

A dislocated kneecap (patellar dislocation) occurs when the patella—the small bone at the front of your knee—moves out of its normal position in the femoral groove. This typically happens laterally, meaning the kneecap shifts toward the outside of the leg.

Common Causes

• Sudden changes in direction during physical activity
• Direct trauma to the knee
• Anatomical predisposition
• Muscle imbalances
• Previous knee injuries

Risk Factors

• Young athletes, especially females
• Sports involving pivoting movements
• Anatomical factors:
  • Shallow femoral groove
  • Knock-knees (genu valgum)
  • Loose ligaments

Symptoms

1. Immediate Signs:

   • Visible deformity of the knee
   • Severe pain
   • Inability to straighten the knee

2. Associated Symptoms:

   • Swelling
   • Instability
   • Grinding sensation

Diagnosis and Treatment

Initial Assessment

• Physical examination
• Imaging (X-rays, MRI)
• Medical history review

Treatment Options

Conservative Treatment:

• Reduction (repositioning)
• RICE protocol (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)
• Physical therapy
• Knee brace or support

Surgical Intervention:

• Required for recurrent dislocations
• Ligament reconstruction
• Groove deepening procedures

Recovery and Prevention

Recovery Timeline

• 4-6 weeks for basic healing
• 3-6 months for return to sports

Prevention Strategies

1. Strengthening exercises
2. Proper warm-up
3. Protective equipment
4. Training modification

When to Seek Medical Care

• Immediate deformity
• Severe pain
• Inability to bear weight
• Recurring dislocations

Long-term Outlook

With proper treatment and rehabilitation, most patients recover well. However, some may experience:

• Increased risk of future dislocations
• Need for ongoing management
• Potential arthritis development