Understanding Jaundice

What is Jaundice?

Jaundice is a medical condition characterized by yellowing of the skin, whites of the eyes, and mucous membranes due to elevated levels of bilirubin in the blood.

Common Causes

• Liver Disease
  • Hepatitis
  • Cirrhosis
  • Alcoholic liver disease
• Blood Disorders
  • Hemolytic anemia
  • Sickle cell disease
• Gallbladder Issues
  • Gallstones
  • Bile duct obstruction

Key Symptoms

• Yellowing of skin and eyes
• Dark urine
• Pale stools
• Itching (pruritus)
• Fatigue
• Abdominal pain

Diagnosis

Initial Assessment

• Physical examination
• Medical history review

Common Tests

• Blood tests (liver function)
• Bilirubin levels
• Ultrasound imaging
• CT scans when necessary

Treatment Options

Treatment depends on the underlying cause:

1. Medication adjustments
2. Lifestyle changes
3. Phototherapy (especially in newborns)
4. Surgery (if structural problems exist)

When to Seek Medical Care

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Severe abdominal pain
• Very dark urine
• High fever
• Mental confusion

Prevention

• Limit alcohol consumption
• Practice safe sex
• Maintain good hygiene
• Get vaccinated for hepatitis
• Follow a healthy diet

Special Considerations

Newborn Jaundice

• Common in newborns
• Usually resolves within 2 weeks
• May require phototherapy
• Regular monitoring important

Outlook

Prognosis varies depending on the underlying cause. Early detection and treatment typically lead to better outcomes.