Understanding Influenza (Flu)

What is Influenza?

Influenza, commonly known as the flu, is a highly contagious respiratory illness caused by influenza viruses. It affects the nose, throat, and sometimes the lungs.

Common Symptoms

• Sudden onset of:
  • Fever/chills
  • Muscle aches
  • Fatigue
  • Headache
• Respiratory symptoms:
  • Cough
  • Sore throat
  • Runny/stuffy nose

How It Spreads

The flu virus spreads primarily through:

• Respiratory droplets from coughing/sneezing
• Close personal contact
• Touching contaminated surfaces

Prevention

Vaccination

The annual flu vaccine is the most effective prevention method.

Other Prevention Methods

• Regular hand washing
• Avoiding close contact with sick people
• Covering mouth/nose when coughing
• Staying home when sick

Treatment Options

Home Care

• Rest
• Hydration
• Over-the-counter medications for symptoms

Medical Treatment

• Antiviral medications (if prescribed)
• Professional medical care for severe symptoms

When to Seek Medical Care

Emergency Warning Signs

• Difficulty breathing
• Persistent chest pain
• Severe muscle pain
• Dehydration
• Confusion

High-Risk Groups

• Adults 65 and older
• Young children
• Pregnant women
• People with chronic conditions

Recovery

Most people recover within 1-2 weeks with proper rest and care.