What is IBD?
Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a group of chronic inflammatory conditions affecting the digestive tract. The two main types are:
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Crohn's Disease: Can affect any part of the digestive tract from mouth to anus
-
Ulcerative Colitis: Affects only the large intestine (colon) and rectum
Common Symptoms
- Persistent diarrhea
- Abdominal pain and cramping
- Blood in stool
- Fatigue
- Unintended weight loss
- Reduced appetite
Causes and Risk Factors
Known Risk Factors:
-
Age: Usually develops before age 30
-
Family history: Higher risk if close relatives have IBD
-
Smoking: Increases risk for Crohn's Disease
-
Environmental factors: More common in developed countries
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Physical examination
- Blood tests
- Stool samples
- Colonoscopy
- Imaging studies (CT, MRI)
Treatment Options
Medications
- Anti-inflammatory drugs
- Immunosuppressants
- Biologics
- Antibiotics when necessary
Lifestyle Changes
- Dietary modifications
- Stress management
- Regular exercise
- Smoking cessation
Complications
- Intestinal obstruction
- Colon cancer risk
- Malnutrition
- Joint inflammation
- Skin problems
Living with IBD
Managing IBD requires:
- Regular medical check-ups
- Medication adherence
- Dietary awareness
- Stress management strategies
- Support system engagement
When to Seek Medical Attention
Contact your healthcare provider if you experience:
- Severe abdominal pain
- Persistent diarrhea
- Unexplained fever
- Significant weight loss
- Blood in stool