Understanding Hypothyroidism

What is Hypothyroidism?

Hypothyroidism occurs when your thyroid gland doesn't produce enough thyroid hormones to meet your body's needs. The thyroid gland, located in your neck, produces hormones that regulate many vital bodily functions.

Common Symptoms

• Fatigue and weakness
• Weight gain
• Increased sensitivity to cold
• Dry skin and hair
• Depression
• Joint and muscle pain
• Constipation
• Heavy or irregular menstrual periods
• Slowed heart rate

Causes

Primary Causes

• Hashimoto's thyroiditis (autoimmune disorder)
• Thyroid surgery
• Radiation therapy
• Certain medications

Risk Factors

• Being female
• Age over 60
• Family history
• Previous thyroid problems

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves:

• Blood tests measuring TSH and T4 levels
• Physical examination
• Medical history review

Treatment Options

Medication

• Levothyroxine (synthetic thyroid hormone)
• Regular monitoring and dose adjustments

Lifestyle Management

• Consistent medication timing
• Regular exercise
• Balanced diet
• Regular medical check-ups

Complications if Untreated

• Heart problems
• Mental health issues
• Peripheral neuropathy
• Myxedema (severe hypothyroidism)

When to See a Doctor

Consult your healthcare provider if you experience:

• Persistent fatigue
• Unexplained weight gain
• Multiple symptoms listed above

Living with Hypothyroidism

With proper treatment and management, most people with hypothyroidism lead normal, healthy lives. Regular monitoring and medication compliance are essential for optimal outcomes.