What Is Hyperparathyroidism?
Hyperparathyroidism occurs when your parathyroid glands produce too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). These four small glands are located in your neck, near the thyroid gland, and help regulate calcium levels in your blood and bones.
Types of Hyperparathyroidism
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
- Caused by enlargement or tumor of one or more parathyroid glands
- Most common type
- Usually affects people over 50, especially women
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism
- Develops due to another underlying condition
- Often related to kidney disease or vitamin D deficiency
- Body's response to chronically low calcium levels
Common Symptoms
- Bone pain and fragility
- Kidney stones
- Excessive urination
- Abdominal pain
- Fatigue and weakness
- Depression or mood changes
- Memory problems
Diagnosis
Laboratory Tests
- Blood calcium levels
- PTH levels
- Vitamin D levels
- Kidney function tests
Imaging
- Bone density scan (DEXA)
- Neck ultrasound or sestamibi scan
- CT scan (when needed)
Treatment Options
Surgery
- Parathyroidectomy (removal of affected gland)
- Minimally invasive options available
- Curative for primary hyperparathyroidism
Medical Management
- Calcimimetic medications
- Vitamin D supplements
- Regular monitoring
- Lifestyle modifications
Prevention and Lifestyle
- Stay hydrated
- Regular exercise
- Balanced calcium intake
- Regular medical check-ups
- Bone health maintenance
When to Seek Medical Care
- Severe bone pain
- Frequent kidney stones
- Significant fatigue
- Mental status changes
- Unexplained weakness