Understanding Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

What is HPV?

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection worldwide. It's a group of more than 200 related viruses, some of which can lead to serious health conditions, including cancer.

Types of HPV

• Low-risk types: Cause warts (types 6 and 11)
• High-risk types: Can cause cancer (particularly types 16 and 18)

Transmission

HPV spreads through:

• Skin-to-skin contact
• Sexual contact
• Vaginal, anal, or oral sex

Symptoms and Signs

Many people with HPV show no symptoms. Possible manifestations include:

• Genital warts
• Warts in throat (rare)
• No visible signs (in many cases)

Health Risks

Potential Complications:

• Cervical cancer
• Anal cancer
• Penile cancer
• Throat cancer
• Genital warts

Prevention

1. Vaccination

   • Recommended for children aged 11-12
   • Catch-up vaccination available through age 26
   • Available up to age 45 for some individuals

2. Safe Sex Practices

   • Use of condoms
   • Limited sexual partners
   • Regular screening

Testing and Screening

• Regular Pap smears for women
• HPV DNA testing
• Visual examination for warts

Treatment

While there's no cure for the virus itself:

• Warts can be treated with medication or removed
• Precancerous cells can be removed
• Regular monitoring of high-risk infections

When to See a Doctor

Consult healthcare provider if you:

• Notice genital warts
• Have abnormal Pap test results
• Want to discuss vaccination
• Have concerns about exposure

Support and Resources

• Regular medical check-ups
• Sexual health clinics
• Vaccination programs
• Cancer screening services