Understanding HIV and AIDS

What is HIV?

HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) is a virus that attacks the immune system, specifically targeting CD4 cells (T cells) that help fight infection.

What is AIDS?

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome) is the most advanced stage of HIV infection, occurring when the immune system is severely damaged.

Transmission

HIV can be transmitted through:

• Unprotected sexual contact
• Sharing needles or syringes
• Mother-to-child during pregnancy, birth, or breastfeeding
• Contact with infected blood

Symptoms

Early HIV Symptoms

• Fever
• Chills
• Fatigue
• Muscle aches
• Sore throat
• Rash

Advanced HIV/AIDS Symptoms

• Rapid weight loss
• Recurring fever
• Extreme fatigue
• Pneumonia
• Blotches on skin
• Depression

Diagnosis

• HIV antibody tests
• Antigen/antibody tests
• Nucleic acid tests (NAT)

Treatment

Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)

• Combination of medications to control virus
• Must be taken daily
• Can lead to near-normal life expectancy

Prevention

1. Safe sex practices
2. Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP)
3. Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)
4. Regular testing
5. Avoiding shared needles

Living with HIV

• Regular medical check-ups
• Adherence to medication
• Healthy lifestyle
• Support groups
• Mental health care

Outlook

With proper treatment, people with HIV can live long, healthy lives. Early diagnosis and consistent treatment are key to managing the condition effectively.