Understanding Hiccups (Singultus)

What Are Hiccups?

Hiccups (medical term: singultus) are involuntary contractions of the diaphragm - the main muscle used in breathing. Each contraction is followed by a sudden closure of the vocal cords, producing the characteristic 'hic' sound.

Types of Hiccups

• Acute hiccups: Last less than 48 hours
• Persistent hiccups: Last more than 48 hours
• Intractable hiccups: Last more than 1 month

Common Causes

Short-term Triggers:

• Eating too quickly
• Swallowing air while eating
• Carbonated beverages
• Spicy foods
• Sudden temperature changes
• Strong emotions or excitement

Medical Causes:

• Gastroesophageal reflux (GERD)
• Stomach distention
• Central nervous system disorders
• Tumors
• Medications

Treatment Options

Home Remedies

• Hold breath for short periods
• Drink water from the opposite side of the glass
• Swallow granulated sugar
• Breathe into a paper bag
• Bite on a lemon

Medical Interventions

• Medications (for persistent cases)
• Nerve stimulation
• Surgical intervention (rare cases)

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical attention if hiccups:

• Last more than 48 hours
• Interfere with eating, sleeping, or breathing
• Are accompanied by severe abdominal pain
• Occur with spitting up blood

Prevention

• Eat slowly
• Avoid trigger foods
• Don't overeat
• Limit carbonated beverages
• Practice stress management

Complications

Prolonged hiccups can lead to:

• Sleep disturbance
• Eating difficulties
• Weight loss
• Exhaustion
• Speech interruption