Understanding Hiatus Hernia

What is a Hiatus Hernia?

A hiatus hernia occurs when part of your stomach pushes up through the diaphragm muscle into your chest cavity. The diaphragm normally has a small opening (hiatus) through which your food pipe (esophagus) passes. When this opening becomes weakened or enlarged, the stomach can protrude through it.

Types of Hiatus Hernia

• Sliding Hiatus Hernia (Type I)

  • Most common type (95% of cases)
  • Upper part of stomach slides up through the hiatus
  • Can move back and forth

• Rolling/Paraesophageal Hernia (Type II-IV)

  • Less common but more serious
  • Part of stomach pushes up beside the esophagus
  • Risk of complications is higher

Common Symptoms

• Heartburn
• Regurgitation
• Chest pain
• Difficulty swallowing
• Bloating after meals
• Shortness of breath

Risk Factors

1. Age (more common over 50)
2. Obesity
3. Pregnancy
4. Chronic coughing
5. Heavy lifting
6. Genetic predisposition

Diagnosis

• Barium swallow test
• Endoscopy
• pH monitoring
• Esophageal manometry

Treatment Options

Lifestyle Changes

• Maintain healthy weight
• Avoid large meals
• Don't lie down after eating
• Elevate head of bed

Medical Management

• Antacids
• H2 blockers
• Proton pump inhibitors

Surgical Options

• Laparoscopic repair
• Fundoplication
• Only recommended in severe cases

When to Seek Medical Help

• Severe chest pain
• Difficulty swallowing
• Persistent vomiting
• Dark or bloody stools

Prevention Strategies

1. Maintain healthy weight
2. Avoid trigger foods
3. Practice good posture
4. Quit smoking
5. Manage stress