What is Hepatitis B?
Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver, caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). It can lead to both acute and chronic liver disease.
Transmission
Hepatitis B spreads through:
- Contact with infected blood
- Unprotected sexual contact
- Mother-to-child during childbirth
- Sharing needles or personal items
- Non-sterile medical procedures
Symptoms
Acute Phase
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Joint pain
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea and vomiting
- Jaundice (yellowing of skin and eyes)
Chronic Phase
Many people may be asymptomatic until liver damage occurs.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves:
- Blood tests for viral markers
- Liver function tests
- Ultrasound imaging
- Liver biopsy (in some cases)
Treatment Options
Acute Hepatitis B
- Usually requires supportive care
- Rest and adequate hydration
- Monitoring of liver function
Chronic Hepatitis B
- Antiviral medications
- Regular monitoring
- Lifestyle modifications
Prevention
- Vaccination
- Available for all age groups
- Recommended for newborns
- Safe practices
- Use protection during sexual activity
- Avoid sharing personal items
- Follow universal precautions
Long-term Outlook
Proper management can help:
- Prevent liver damage
- Reduce transmission risk
- Maintain quality of life
When to Seek Medical Care
Consult healthcare provider if:
- Exposed to infected blood/fluids
- Experiencing symptoms
- Pregnant or planning pregnancy
- High-risk occupation/lifestyle
Regular Monitoring
Important follow-up includes:
- Regular blood tests
- Liver function monitoring
- Screening for complications
- Vaccination status review