Understanding Heavy Menstrual Periods

What Is Menorrhagia?

Menorrhagia refers to menstrual periods with abnormally heavy or prolonged bleeding. While normal menstrual flow lasts about 5 days and results in 30-40 milliliters of blood loss, women with menorrhagia experience:

• Blood loss exceeding 80 milliliters per cycle
• Periods lasting longer than 7 days
• Need to change pads/tampons every 1-2 hours
• Passing large blood clots (larger than a quarter)

Common Causes

Hormonal Issues

• Estrogen/progesterone imbalance
• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
• Thyroid problems

Structural Problems

• Uterine fibroids
• Polyps
• Adenomyosis
• Endometriosis

Medical Conditions

• Blood disorders
• Certain medications
• Complications of pregnancy

When to Seek Medical Care

Consult your healthcare provider if you experience:

• Soaking through pads/tampons every hour
• Feeling tired or short of breath
• Periods lasting longer than 7 days
• Severe pain
• Irregular bleeding between periods

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnostic Tests

• Physical examination
• Blood tests
• Ultrasound
• Endometrial biopsy (if needed)

Treatment Options

1. Medications

   • Hormonal birth control
   • Tranexamic acid
   • NSAIDs

2. Surgical Options

   • Endometrial ablation
   • Myomectomy
   • Hysterectomy (in severe cases)

Self-Care Measures

• Track your periods
• Stay hydrated
• Take iron supplements if recommended
• Exercise regularly
• Maintain a healthy diet

Prevention

• Regular check-ups
• Maintain healthy weight
• Report changes in bleeding patterns
• Follow prescribed treatment plans