Understanding Guillain-Barré Syndrome

What is Guillain-Barré Syndrome?

Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune disorder where your body's immune system attacks your peripheral nerves. This attack leads to rapidly progressing muscle weakness and can potentially result in paralysis.

Key Symptoms

• Progressive muscle weakness starting in legs and moving upward
• Tingling or pins and needles sensations (paresthesia)
• Loss of reflexes
• Difficulty with eye movement, facial expressions, speaking, chewing, or swallowing
• Problems with bladder control and heart rate
• Difficulty breathing in severe cases

Causes and Risk Factors

Common Triggers

• Respiratory infections
• Gastrointestinal infections
• Recent vaccination (very rare)
• Surgery
• Viral infections including COVID-19

Diagnosis

Diagnosis typically involves:

• Physical examination
• Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)
• Nerve conduction studies
• Electromyography (EMG)
• Blood tests

Treatment Options

Primary Treatments

1. Plasma Exchange (Plasmapheresis)

   • Removes harmful antibodies from blood

2. Immunoglobulin Therapy (IVIg)

   • Helps reduce immune system attack

Supportive Care

• Physical therapy
• Respiratory support when needed
• Pain management
• Prevention of complications

Recovery and Outlook

• Most patients begin recovery within weeks
• Recovery period can last 6-12 months or longer
• About 80% of patients can walk independently at 6 months
• Some may experience residual weakness

When to Seek Emergency Care

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Rapid muscle weakness
• Difficulty breathing
• Trouble swallowing
• Severe back pain

Living with GBS

Coping Strategies

• Regular physical therapy exercises
• Emotional support and counseling
• Occupational therapy as needed
• Regular medical follow-up

Prevention

While GBS cannot be prevented, maintaining good general health and promptly treating infections may help reduce risk.