Understanding Gout: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What is Gout?

Gout is a complex form of inflammatory arthritis characterized by sudden, severe attacks of pain, swelling, and redness in joints. It most commonly affects the joint at the base of the big toe.

Causes

• Uric acid buildup: Results from the breakdown of purines (found in certain foods)
• Risk factors:
  • Obesity
  • Hypertension
  • Diabetes
  • Family history
  • Male gender
  • Age over 40

Common Symptoms

• Intense joint pain
  • Usually starts in the big toe
  • Can affect ankles, knees, elbows, wrists
• Inflammation and redness
• Limited range of motion
• Lingering discomfort

Diagnosis

• Blood tests to measure uric acid levels
• Joint fluid analysis
• X-rays to rule out other conditions
• Ultrasound to detect urate crystals

Treatment Options

Medications

1. For Acute Attacks:

   • NSAIDs
   • Colchicine
   • Corticosteroids

2. Prevention Medications:

   • Allopurinol
   • Febuxostat
   • Probenecid

Lifestyle Changes

• Maintain healthy weight
• Limit alcohol consumption
• Reduce intake of purine-rich foods
• Stay hydrated
• Regular exercise

Prevention

• Diet modifications:
  • Limit red meat and seafood
  • Reduce alcohol intake
  • Avoid high-fructose corn syrup
• Regular exercise
• Medication compliance
• Regular medical check-ups

When to Seek Medical Care

• Intense joint pain
• Fever with joint symptoms
• Limited mobility
• Worsening symptoms

Long-term Outlook

With proper management and lifestyle changes, most people with gout can live normal, healthy lives. Early treatment and prevention are key to avoiding joint damage.