What is a Goitre?
A goitre is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, which is located in the front of your neck. This butterfly-shaped gland normally sits just below your Adam's apple.
Common Causes
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Iodine deficiency: Most common cause worldwide
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Hashimoto's disease: An autoimmune condition
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Graves' disease: Causes hyperthyroidism
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Thyroid nodules: Single or multiple growths
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Pregnancy: Hormonal changes can cause temporary enlargement
Symptoms
Physical Signs
- Visible swelling in the neck
- Feeling of tightness in the throat
- Difficulty swallowing
- Hoarseness
- Coughing
Associated Symptoms
Depending on thyroid function:
- Weight changes
- Changes in energy levels
- Hair and skin changes
- Temperature sensitivity
Diagnosis
- Physical examination
- Blood tests (TSH, T3, T4)
- Ultrasound imaging
- Thyroid scan (if needed)
- Fine-needle aspiration biopsy
Treatment Options
Conservative Management
- Iodine supplementation (if deficient)
- Regular monitoring
- Lifestyle modifications
Medical Treatment
- Thyroid hormone replacement
- Anti-thyroid medications
- Radioactive iodine therapy
Surgical Options
- Partial thyroidectomy
- Total thyroidectomy
When to Seek Medical Attention
- Rapid growth of neck swelling
- Difficulty breathing or swallowing
- Voice changes
- Associated symptoms of thyroid dysfunction
Prevention
- Adequate iodine intake
- Regular medical check-ups
- Awareness of family history
- Avoiding radiation exposure
Long-term Management
- Regular monitoring of thyroid function
- Medication compliance if prescribed
- Follow-up appointments
- Lifestyle modifications as needed