What is Gestational Diabetes?
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy in women who didn't previously have diabetes. It typically occurs in the second or third trimester and affects how your cells use glucose (sugar).
Risk Factors
- Being overweight or obese
- Age over 25
- Family history of type 2 diabetes
- Previous gestational diabetes
- Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)
- Previous delivery of a baby weighing over 9 pounds
Diagnosis
Screening typically occurs between 24-28 weeks of pregnancy using:
- Glucose Challenge Test (1 hour)
- Glucose Tolerance Test (3 hours) if the first test is positive
Effects on Pregnancy
For the Mother:
- Increased risk of high blood pressure
- Higher chance of cesarean delivery
- Risk of developing type 2 diabetes later
For the Baby:
- Larger than average birth weight
- Early birth risk
- Low blood sugar after birth
Management Strategies
Blood Sugar Monitoring
- Regular blood glucose testing
- Keeping a daily log
- Target ranges as specified by your healthcare provider
Lifestyle Changes
-
Diet Modifications
- Controlled carbohydrate intake
- Regular, balanced meals
- Working with a dietitian
-
Exercise
- 30 minutes of moderate activity most days
- Safe pregnancy exercises
- Regular walking
Treatment
- Most cases can be managed with lifestyle changes
- Some women may need insulin injections
- Regular monitoring by healthcare team
After Pregnancy
- Blood sugar typically returns to normal
- Follow-up testing 6-12 weeks postpartum
- Long-term type 2 diabetes risk monitoring
When to Contact Your Doctor
- Unusual blood sugar readings
- Concerning symptoms
- Questions about diet or exercise
Prevention Strategies
- Maintain healthy weight before pregnancy
- Healthy diet and regular exercise
- Early prenatal care