Understanding Genital Warts

What Are Genital Warts?

Genital warts are soft, flesh-colored growths that appear in the genital area. They're caused by certain strains of the Human Papillomavirus (HPV), most commonly types 6 and 11.

Key Facts

• Genital warts are one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
• They're highly contagious through skin-to-skin contact
• Not everyone infected with HPV develops visible warts
• Most cases clear within 2 years with proper treatment

Symptoms

Common Signs:

• Flesh-colored, cauliflower-like bumps
• Itching or discomfort in the genital area
• Multiple warts that may grow in clusters
• Warts may appear weeks or months after exposure

Risk Factors

• Multiple sexual partners
• Unprotected sexual activity
• Weakened immune system
• Previous STIs

Diagnosis and Treatment

Diagnosis Methods:

• Visual examination
• Biopsy (if necessary)
• HPV typing in certain cases

Treatment Options:

1. Topical Medications

   • Prescription creams and solutions
   • Patient-applied or doctor-administered treatments

2. Physical Removal

   • Cryotherapy (freezing)
   • Laser therapy
   • Surgical excision

Prevention

• HPV vaccination
• Safe sex practices
• Regular health screenings
• Limiting sexual partners

When to Seek Medical Care

• New growths in genital area
• Changes in existing warts
• Persistent symptoms
• Concerns about exposure

Long-term Management

• Regular check-ups
• Partner notification
• Immune system support
• Lifestyle modifications

Complications

While usually benign, some HPV strains can increase cancer risk. Regular screening and follow-up are important.