What is a Ganglion Cyst?
A ganglion cyst is a fluid-filled lump that develops near joints or tendons, most commonly in the wrist, hand, ankle, or foot. These noncancerous lumps contain synovial fluid, which normally lubricates the joints and tendons.
Common Locations
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Wrist (dorsal): Most common location, on the back of the wrist
-
Wrist (volar): Palm side of the wrist
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Finger joints: Near the finger joints or at the base of fingers
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Ankle and foot: Top of the foot or near ankle joints
Symptoms
- Visible lump under the skin
- Size variation (can grow larger with activity)
- May be soft or firm to touch
- Usually painless, but can cause:
- Discomfort with joint movement
- Weakness in the affected joint
- Numbness if pressing on nerves
Causes and Risk Factors
- Joint or tendon irritation
- Injury or trauma
- Repetitive stress
- More common in:
- Women
- Gymnasts
- People aged 15-40
Diagnosis
- Physical examination
- Transillumination test
- Imaging studies:
- Ultrasound
- MRI (if needed)
Treatment Options
Conservative Treatment
- Observation (many resolve on their own)
- Immobilization
- Activity modification
Medical Interventions
- Aspiration (needle drainage)
- Steroid injection
- Surgical removal (excision)
When to Seek Medical Care
- Rapid growth in size
- Significant pain
- Interference with joint movement
- Numbness or tingling
Prevention
- Avoid repetitive wrist movements
- Use proper ergonomics
- Protect joints during activities
Prognosis
Most ganglion cysts are harmless and may disappear without treatment. However, they can recur even after treatment.