Understanding Fungal Nail Infections

What Is a Fungal Nail Infection?

A fungal nail infection, medically known as onychomycosis, occurs when fungi invade one or more of your nails. It can affect both fingernails and toenails, though toenail infections are more common.

Common Signs and Symptoms

• Thickened nails
• Discoloration (white, yellow, or brown)
• Brittle or crumbly texture
• Distorted nail shape
• Foul odor
• Separation of nail from the nail bed

Risk Factors

• Advanced age
• Reduced blood circulation
• Weakened immune system
• Diabetes
• Excessive sweating
• Walking barefoot in damp areas
• Previous nail injury

Diagnosis

Your healthcare provider may:

1. Examine affected nails visually
2. Take nail samples for laboratory testing
3. Request fungal cultures

Treatment Options

Oral Medications

• Terbinafine (Lamisil)
• Itraconazole (Sporanox)
• Fluconazole (Diflucan)

Topical Treatments

• Medicated nail polish
• Antifungal creams
• Medicated nail creams

Other Treatments

• Laser therapy
• Nail removal in severe cases

Prevention Tips

1. Keep feet clean and dry
2. Wear breathable footwear
3. Use antifungal sprays in shoes
4. Avoid walking barefoot in public areas
5. Don't share nail care tools

When to See a Doctor

Consult your healthcare provider if:

• Nail changes persist
• Pain develops
• You have diabetes
• Home treatments aren't effective

Expected Recovery

Treatment typically takes several months, as nails grow slowly. Complete cure rates vary, and reinfection is possible without proper preventive measures.