What is Frostbite?
Frostbite is a type of injury caused by freezing of the skin and underlying tissues. It most commonly affects exposed areas of the body during exposure to extremely cold temperatures.
Risk Factors
- Extended exposure to cold temperatures
- Inadequate protective clothing
- Poor circulation
- Previous frostbite injury
- High altitudes
- Alcohol or drug use
- Medical conditions like diabetes
Stages of Frostbite
1. Frostnip (First Degree)
- Mild, reversible skin irritation
- Skin becomes red and cold
- Tingling and numbness
2. Superficial Frostbite (Second Degree)
- Skin becomes pale or bluish
- Area feels hard or frozen
- Blistering may occur after rewarming
3. Deep Frostbite (Third and Fourth Degree)
- Affects all layers of skin and tissue
- Skin appears white or bluish-gray
- Tissue feels hard and cold
- Risk of permanent damage
Common Affected Areas
- Fingers and toes
- Nose
- Ears
- Cheeks
- Chin
First Aid Treatment
-
Get to a Warm Area
- Move to shelter immediately
- Remove wet clothing
-
Gradual Rewarming
- Use warm (not hot) water (104-108°F)
- Do not use direct heat
- Avoid rubbing or massaging affected areas
-
Medical Attention
- Seek immediate medical care for severe cases
- Watch for signs of infection
Prevention
- Dress in appropriate layers
- Keep extremities covered
- Stay dry
- Monitor weather conditions
- Maintain good hydration
- Avoid alcohol in cold conditions
Warning Signs
- Numbness
- Tingling or stinging
- Aching
- Bluish or pale, waxy skin
When to Seek Emergency Care
- Severe pain
- Blistering
- Loss of sensation
- Color changes in skin
- Signs of infection
Long-term Effects
- Increased sensitivity to cold
- Chronic pain
- Arthritis
- Permanent tissue damage
- Growth plate damage in children