Understanding Food Poisoning

Overview

Food poisoning occurs when you consume contaminated food or beverages containing harmful bacteria, viruses, parasites, or toxins. It typically causes gastrointestinal symptoms that usually resolve within a few days.

Common Causes

• Bacteria: E. coli, Salmonella, Listeria
• Viruses: Norovirus, Hepatitis A
• Parasites: Giardia, Cryptosporidium
• Toxins: Natural toxins, chemical contaminants

Symptoms

Primary Symptoms

• Nausea and vomiting
• Diarrhea
• Abdominal pain and cramps
• Fever

Additional Signs

• Weakness
• Headache
• Muscle aches
• Dehydration

When to Seek Medical Care

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Blood in stool
• Severe abdominal pain
• Signs of dehydration (extreme thirst, dry mouth, decreased urination)
• Fever above 101.5°F (38.6°C)
• Symptoms lasting more than 3 days

Treatment

Home Care

1. Stay hydrated with water and electrolyte solutions
2. Rest your digestive system
3. Gradually return to eating with bland foods (BRAT diet)
4. Avoid dairy, caffeine, and alcohol

Medical Treatment

• Antibiotics (if bacterial infection is confirmed)
• Anti-nausea medications
• IV fluids for severe dehydration

Prevention

1. Wash hands thoroughly
2. Cook foods to safe temperatures
3. Refrigerate perishables promptly
4. Avoid cross-contamination
5. Clean surfaces and utensils properly

Recovery

Most cases resolve within 1-3 days. Follow your healthcare provider's instructions and maintain good hygiene practices during recovery.