What Are Flat Feet?
Flat feet, medically known as pes planus, is a condition where the arches of the feet are flattened, causing the entire sole to contact the ground when standing.
Types of Flat Feet
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Flexible flat feet - The arch appears when not bearing weight
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Rigid flat feet - No arch appears regardless of weight-bearing status
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Congenital flat feet - Present from birth
-
Acquired flat feet - Develops over time
Common Causes
- Genetic factors
- Developmental issues
- Injury or trauma
- Aging
- Pregnancy
- Obesity
- Rheumatoid arthritis
- Diabetes
Symptoms
- Pain in feet, especially in the heel or arch area
- Tired or achy feet after standing
- Lower back pain
- Ankle swelling
- Difficulty with certain physical activities
- Unusual shoe wear patterns
Diagnosis
Physical Examination
- Visual inspection
- Footprint analysis
- Observation of walking pattern
Imaging
- X-rays
- CT scans (in complex cases)
- MRI (if structural problems suspected)
Treatment Options
Conservative Management
- Orthotic devices
- Supportive footwear
- Physical therapy
- Weight management
- Activity modification
Medical Interventions
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Corticosteroid injections
- Custom orthotics
Surgical Options
- Arthrodesis
- Tendon transfer
- Osteotomy
Prevention and Self-Care
- Maintain healthy weight
- Wear appropriate footwear
- Regular foot exercises
- Avoid prolonged standing when possible
- Early intervention for foot pain
When to See a Doctor
- Persistent foot pain
- Increasing difficulty walking
- Progressive deformity
- New onset flat feet in adults