What is Exophthalmos?
Exophthalmos, also known as proptosis, is a medical condition where one or both eyes protrude or bulge forward from their normal position in the eye socket (orbit).
Common Causes
-
Graves' Disease - Most common cause (80% of cases)
-
Orbital Inflammation
-
Orbital Tumors
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Orbital Trauma
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Vascular Malformations
Key Symptoms
- Forward projection of the eye(s)
- Eye irritation and dryness
- Difficulty closing eyelids completely
- Double vision
- Eye pain or pressure
- Excessive tearing
- Light sensitivity
Diagnosis
Physical Examination
- Visual acuity testing
- Exophthalmometry measurements
- Eye movement assessment
Imaging Studies
- CT scan of orbits
- MRI
- Ultrasound
Treatment Options
Conservative Management
- Artificial tears
- Ointments for nighttime use
- Elevation of head while sleeping
- Protective eyewear
Medical Treatment
- Treatment of underlying condition
- Corticosteroids when appropriate
- Immunosuppressive therapy
Surgical Options
- Orbital decompression surgery
- Eyelid surgery
Complications
- Corneal exposure and damage
- Vision loss
- Optic nerve compression
- Cosmetic concerns
When to Seek Medical Care
- Sudden onset of eye bulging
- Vision changes
- Severe eye pain
- Difficulty moving eyes
- Color vision changes
Prevention and Management
- Regular eye examinations
- Prompt treatment of underlying conditions
- Smoking cessation
- Protection from UV exposure