What is Epilepsy?
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures. These seizures occur due to sudden, abnormal electrical activity in the brain.
Types of Seizures
Focal Seizures
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Simple focal seizures: Affect a small part of the brain without loss of consciousness
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Complex focal seizures: Involve altered awareness
Generalized Seizures
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Absence seizures: Brief lapses in awareness
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Tonic-clonic seizures: Involve whole-body convulsions
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Myoclonic seizures: Brief, shock-like jerks
Common Causes
- Brain injury or trauma
- Brain tumors
- Genetic factors
- Developmental disorders
- Infections affecting the brain
- Stroke
Diagnosis
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Medical history review
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Neurological examination
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EEG (electroencephalogram)
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Brain imaging (MRI/CT)
Treatment Options
Medications
- Anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs)
- Regular monitoring of medication levels
- Possible side effect management
Other Treatments
- Vagus nerve stimulation
- Ketogenic diet
- Surgery in select cases
Living with Epilepsy
Safety Measures
- Avoid driving until medically cleared
- Take medications as prescribed
- Maintain regular sleep patterns
- Avoid known triggers
Emergency Response
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When to seek immediate help
- Seizures lasting > 5 minutes
- Multiple seizures without recovery
- Injury during seizure
Support and Resources
- Epilepsy support groups
- Regular medical follow-up
- Lifestyle modifications
- Educational resources