Understanding Endocarditis

What is Endocarditis?

Endocarditis is a serious infection of the inner lining of your heart chambers and valves (endocardium). This condition occurs when bacteria, fungi, or other germs enter your bloodstream and attach to damaged areas in your heart.

Key Risk Factors

• Artificial heart valves
• Previous history of endocarditis
• Damaged or abnormal heart valves
• Intravenous drug use
• Certain congenital heart conditions

Common Symptoms

Early Signs

• Fever and chills
• Fatigue
• Muscle and joint pain
• Night sweats

Advanced Symptoms

• Heart murmur
• Shortness of breath
• Small dark lines under fingernails (splinter hemorrhages)
• Red or purple spots on skin and whites of eyes

Diagnosis

Your healthcare provider may use several methods to diagnose endocarditis:

• Blood cultures
• Echocardiogram
• Physical examination
• Blood tests
• Electrocardiogram (ECG)

Treatment Options

Medications

• Antibiotics: Usually given intravenously for 2-6 weeks
• Antifungal medications: If caused by fungi

Surgery

May be necessary in cases involving:

• Severely damaged heart valves
• Large vegetation (infected material)
• Recurring infections

Prevention

1. Practice good dental hygiene
2. Take antibiotics before dental procedures (if recommended)
3. Avoid non-sterile procedures
4. Seek prompt treatment for infections

When to Seek Medical Care

Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you experience:

• Persistent fever
• Unexplained fatigue
• Chest pain
• Shortness of breath

Long-term Management

• Regular medical check-ups
• Careful monitoring of symptoms
• Preventive antibiotics when recommended
• Lifestyle modifications as needed