What is Encephalitis?
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain tissue, typically caused by viral infections or autoimmune responses. This condition can range from mild to severe and requires prompt medical attention.
Common Causes
- Viral infections (most common)
- Herpes simplex virus (HSV)
- Varicella-zoster virus
- Enteroviruses
- Mosquito-borne viruses
- Bacterial infections (rare)
- Autoimmune responses
- Post-infectious conditions
Key Symptoms
Initial Symptoms
- Fever
- Headache
- Fatigue
- Muscle aches
Progressive Symptoms
- Confusion or disorientation
- Seizures
- Speech or behavior changes
- Weakness or paralysis
- Sensitivity to light
- Neck stiffness
Diagnosis
Diagnosis typically involves:
- Physical examination
- Neurological assessment
- MRI or CT scans
- Spinal fluid analysis (lumbar puncture)
- Blood tests
Treatment Options
Immediate Care
- Antiviral medications
- Corticosteroids
- Supportive care
- Seizure control medications
Long-term Management
- Physical therapy
- Occupational therapy
- Speech therapy
- Psychological support
Prevention
- Maintain good hygiene
- Get recommended vaccinations
- Protect against mosquito bites
- Boost immune system health
When to Seek Emergency Care
Seek immediate medical attention if experiencing:
- Severe headache
- High fever
- Altered consciousness
- Seizures
- Sudden personality changes
Recovery and Outlook
Recovery varies depending on:
- Cause and severity
- Speed of treatment
- Age and overall health
- Extent of inflammation
Follow-up Care
- Regular neurological check-ups
- Monitoring for recurring symptoms
- Rehabilitation as needed
- Mental health support