What Are Electrolytes?
Electrolytes are essential minerals in your blood and other body fluids that carry an electric charge. They are crucial for:
- Maintaining proper hydration
- Balancing blood pH
- Moving nutrients into cells
- Moving waste out of cells
- Ensuring proper muscle function
- Supporting nervous system operation
Key Electrolytes Measured
Sodium (Na+)
- Normal range: 135-145 mEq/L
- Controls fluid balance and blood pressure
- Essential for nerve and muscle function
Potassium (K+)
- Normal range: 3.5-5.0 mEq/L
- Critical for heart rhythm
- Important for muscle contractions
Chloride (Cl-)
- Normal range: 96-106 mEq/L
- Helps maintain proper blood pH
- Supports proper digestion
Bicarbonate (HCO3-)
- Normal range: 23-30 mEq/L
- Helps balance blood acidity
- Crucial for pH regulation
Why Is the Test Performed?
Your doctor may order an electrolyte test to:
- Diagnose or monitor kidney problems
- Track treatment effectiveness
- Investigate unexplained symptoms
- Monitor certain medications
- Assess hydration status
Test Preparation
- Fast for 6-8 hours before the test
- Inform your doctor about medications
- Drink only water before the test
- Follow any specific instructions provided
After the Test
- Results typically available within 24 hours
- Your doctor will interpret results based on your specific situation
- Follow-up tests may be needed
- Treatment depends on which electrolytes are imbalanced
When to Seek Immediate Care
Seek emergency care if you experience:
- Severe muscle weakness
- Irregular heartbeat
- Extreme confusion
- Seizures
- Severe dehydration symptoms
Prevention Tips
- Stay properly hydrated
- Maintain a balanced diet
- Replace fluids lost during exercise
- Follow medication instructions carefully
- Attend regular check-ups