Understanding Ebola Virus Disease (EVD)

What is Ebola?

Ebola virus disease (EVD) is a rare but severe illness caused by infection with one of the Ebola virus strains. The virus can cause severe bleeding, organ failure, and can be fatal if untreated.

Transmission

• Direct contact with:
  • Blood or body fluids of infected people
  • Objects contaminated with body fluids
  • Infected fruit bats or primates
• Cannot spread through air, water, or food

Key Symptoms

Early Signs (2-21 days after exposure)

• Fever
• Severe headache
• Muscle pain
• Fatigue
• Weakness

Later Symptoms

• Vomiting and diarrhea
• Internal/external bleeding
• Rash
• Impaired kidney and liver function

Diagnosis

Diagnosis requires specialized laboratory tests including:

• PCR testing
• Antibody testing
• Antigen testing

Treatment Approaches

1. Supportive Care

   • Fluid replacement
   • Blood pressure management
   • Oxygen therapy

2. Specific Treatments

   • FDA-approved medications (Inmazeb, Ebanga)
   • Immune system support

Prevention Measures

• Avoid contact with infected individuals
• Practice proper hand hygiene
• Use protective equipment when caring for patients
• Avoid contact with bats and primates in affected areas

When to Seek Medical Care

Seek immediate medical attention if you:

• Have been to an area with active Ebola transmission
• Had contact with an infected person
• Develop symptoms consistent with EVD

Recovery and Follow-up

• Recovery time varies
• Survivors may experience long-term effects
• Regular medical follow-up is essential
• Some immunity develops after recovery