What Is an Ear Infection?
An ear infection, medically known as otitis media, occurs when the middle ear becomes inflamed due to bacterial or viral infection. This condition is particularly common in children.
Types of Ear Infections
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Acute Otitis Media (AOM) - The most common type, causing sudden infection with pain
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Otitis Media with Effusion (OME) - Fluid buildup without active infection
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Chronic Otitis Media - Recurring or persistent infections
Common Symptoms
In Adults:
- Ear pain
- Drainage from the ear
- Difficulty hearing
- Sense of fullness in the ear
In Children:
- Pulling or tugging at ears
- Increased irritability
- Difficulty sleeping
- Fever
- Balance problems
- Reduced appetite
Risk Factors
- Young age (6-24 months)
- Seasonal allergies
- Exposure to cigarette smoke
- Family history
- Weakened immune system
Treatment Options
Medical Treatments
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Antibiotics - Prescribed for bacterial infections
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Pain relievers - For symptom management
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Ear drops - To reduce pain and inflammation
Home Care
- Warm compress application
- Rest with head elevated
- Over-the-counter pain medication
- Avoiding water in ears
Prevention
- Regular hand washing
- Up-to-date vaccinations
- Avoiding secondhand smoke
- Breastfeeding infants when possible
- Proper ear care after swimming
When to See a Doctor
- Severe ear pain
- Symptoms lasting more than 2-3 days
- Fever above 102.2°F (39°C)
- Discharge from the ear
- Hearing problems
Complications if Untreated
- Hearing loss
- Speech delays in children
- Mastoiditis
- Tympanic membrane perforation
Long-term Management
- Regular check-ups
- Monitoring for recurring infections
- Early intervention when symptoms appear