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Understanding Coronary Artery Disease: A Comprehensive Overview

Essential Information for Patients with CAD

Cardiology

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Last updated: Mar 24, 2025

What is Coronary Artery Disease?

Coronary artery disease develops when the major blood vessels supplying your heart become damaged or diseased. Plaque buildup in these arteries (atherosclerosis) is typically the cause.

Key Risk Factors

High blood pressure
High cholesterol
Smoking
Diabetes
Family history
Age and gender
Obesity
Sedentary lifestyle

Common Symptoms

Chest pain (angina)
Shortness of breath
Heart attack
Fatigue
Neck/jaw pain
Arm pain or numbness

Diagnosis Methods

Physical examination
Blood tests
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Stress tests
Cardiac catheterization
Imaging tests (CT, MRI)

Treatment Options

Lifestyle Changes

Quit smoking
Regular exercise
Heart-healthy diet
Weight management
Stress reduction

Medications

Statins
Beta blockers
ACE inhibitors
Antiplatelet medications
Nitroglycerin

Procedures

Angioplasty and stenting
Coronary artery bypass surgery
Heart valve surgery

Prevention Strategies

Regular check-ups
Blood pressure monitoring
Cholesterol management
Healthy lifestyle habits
Diabetes control if applicable

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