What is a Corneal Transplant?
A corneal transplant (keratoplasty) is a surgical procedure that replaces damaged or diseased corneal tissue with healthy donor tissue. The cornea is the clear, dome-shaped surface of your eye that plays a crucial role in focusing vision.
Why Might You Need a Corneal Transplant?
- Keratoconus (bulging cornea)
- Fuchs' dystrophy
- Corneal scarring from injury or infection
- Corneal ulcers
- Failed previous corneal transplants
- Severe corneal swelling
Types of Corneal Transplants
1. Full-Thickness Corneal Transplant (PK)
- Replaces entire thickness of the cornea
- Used for severe corneal damage
- Longer recovery period
2. Partial-Thickness Transplants
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DMEK: Replaces inner layer only
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DSAEK: Replaces inner layers
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ALK: Replaces outer layers
The Procedure
Before Surgery
- Comprehensive eye examination
- Measurements for donor tissue
- Discussion of anesthesia options
- Review of medications
During Surgery
- Usually outpatient procedure
- Takes 1-2 hours
- Performed under local or general anesthesia
Recovery and Aftercare
Immediate Post-Surgery
- Eye shield protection
- Multiple eye drops
- Regular follow-up visits
Long-term Recovery
- Full healing: 6-12 months
- Vision improves gradually
- Steroid drops may be needed long-term
Potential Risks
- Rejection of donor tissue
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Increased eye pressure
- Vision complications
Success Rates and Outcomes
- 90% success rate for first-time transplants
- Vision typically improves significantly
- May need glasses or contact lenses after healing
Living with a Corneal Transplant
- Regular eye check-ups
- Protect eyes from injury
- Watch for signs of rejection
- Maintain good eye hygiene