What is COPD?
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive lung condition that causes airflow blockage and breathing-related problems. It primarily includes two main conditions:
- Emphysema
- Chronic bronchitis
Key Symptoms
- Persistent cough with mucus
- Shortness of breath, especially during physical activities
- Wheezing
- Chest tightness
- Frequent respiratory infections
Risk Factors
Primary Risk Factors
- Smoking (primary cause)
- Long-term exposure to air pollutants
- Occupational dust and chemicals
- Genetic factors (Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency)
Diagnosis
- Spirometry (main diagnostic test)
- Chest X-rays
- CT scans
- Blood tests
Treatment Options
Medications
-
Bronchodilators
- Short-acting (rescue inhalers)
- Long-acting maintenance medications
-
Inhaled Corticosteroids
- Reduce airway inflammation
-
Combination Medications
- Multiple medications in one inhaler
Lifestyle Changes
- Smoking cessation
- Regular exercise
- Pulmonary rehabilitation
- Proper nutrition
Managing COPD
Daily Management
- Use medications as prescribed
- Practice breathing exercises
- Avoid triggers
- Stay up-to-date with vaccinations
Emergency Signs
- Severe shortness of breath
- Blue lips or fingernails
- Rapid heartbeat
- Mental confusion
Prevention
- Don't start smoking
- Avoid secondhand smoke
- Protect against workplace exposures
- Regular medical check-ups
Long-term Outlook
While COPD cannot be cured, proper management can:
- Improve symptoms
- Reduce flare-ups
- Enhance quality of life
- Slow disease progression