Understanding Contact Dermatitis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment

What Is Contact Dermatitis?

Contact dermatitis is a skin inflammation that occurs when your skin comes into contact with an irritating substance or allergen. The condition manifests as a red, itchy rash.

Types of Contact Dermatitis

1. Irritant Contact Dermatitis

• Most common type (80% of cases)
• Caused by direct skin damage from irritants
• Common triggers:
  • Soaps and detergents
  • Cleaning products
  • Acids or alkaline materials
  • Prolonged water exposure

2. Allergic Contact Dermatitis

• Immune system reaction
• Develops 48-72 hours after exposure
• Common allergens:
  • Nickel and other metals
  • Latex
  • Cosmetics
  • Plants (e.g., poison ivy)

Symptoms

• Redness and swelling
• Intense itching
• Burning or stinging sensation
• Dry, cracked skin
• Blisters in severe cases

Treatment Options

Immediate Steps

1. Remove or avoid the irritant
2. Wash affected area with mild soap and water
3. Apply cool compresses

Medical Treatments

• Topical corticosteroids
• Oral antihistamines
• Moisturizers
• Prescription medications for severe cases

Prevention

• Identify and avoid triggers
• Wear protective gloves
• Use skin barrier creams
• Choose hypoallergenic products

When to See a Doctor

• Severe or widespread rash
• Signs of infection
• Rash that interferes with daily activities
• Symptoms lasting more than 2 weeks