Understanding Colorectal Cancer: A Comprehensive Overview

What Is Colorectal Cancer?

Colorectal cancer is a malignancy that begins in either the colon (large intestine) or rectum. It typically starts as small, benign growths called polyps that can become cancerous over time.

Key Statistics

• Third most common cancer in the United States
• Affects both men and women
• Most cases occur after age 50

Risk Factors

• Age: Risk increases after 50
• Family History: Especially first-degree relatives
• Lifestyle Factors:
  • Poor diet (high in red meat, low in fiber)
  • Lack of physical activity
  • Obesity
  • Smoking
  • Heavy alcohol use

Warning Signs

1. Changes in bowel habits
2. Rectal bleeding or blood in stool
3. Persistent abdominal discomfort
4. Unexplained weight loss
5. Fatigue

Screening and Detection

• Regular screening starting at age 45
• Common Tests:
  • Colonoscopy (every 10 years)
  • FIT test (annually)
  • Stool DNA test (every 3 years)

Treatment Options

• Surgery: Removal of tumor and affected tissue
• Chemotherapy: Before or after surgery
• Radiation: Often used for rectal cancer
• Targeted Therapy: For specific genetic mutations

Prevention

• Regular screenings
• Healthy diet rich in fiber
• Regular exercise
• Maintaining healthy weight
• Limiting alcohol
• Not smoking