Understanding Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia (CLL)

What is CLL?

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia is a type of blood cancer that affects white blood cells called lymphocytes. It typically develops slowly over months or years, primarily affecting adults over 60.

Key Features

• Develops in bone marrow and blood
• Most common adult leukaemia in Western countries
• Usually progresses slowly
• More common in older adults

Common Symptoms

• Fatigue and weakness
• Frequent infections
• Enlarged lymph nodes
• Night sweats
• Unintentional weight loss
• Easy bruising or bleeding

Diagnosis

Common Tests Include:

1. Complete Blood Count (CBC)
2. Flow Cytometry
3. Bone Marrow Biopsy
4. Genetic Testing

Treatment Options

Watch and Wait

Many patients don't need immediate treatment and are monitored regularly.

Active Treatment

• Chemotherapy
• Targeted Therapy (BTK inhibitors, BCL-2 inhibitors)
• Immunotherapy (Monoclonal antibodies)
• Combination Therapies

Living with CLL

Self-Care Measures

• Regular medical check-ups
• Infection prevention
• Balanced diet
• Regular exercise as tolerated
• Adequate rest

Prognosis

Prognosis varies significantly between individuals and depends on:

• Stage at diagnosis
• Genetic features
• Response to treatment
• Overall health

Support and Resources

• Support groups
• Clinical trials
• Patient advocacy organizations
• Mental health support