Understanding Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

What is Chronic Kidney Disease?

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition where the kidneys gradually lose their ability to filter waste and excess fluid from the blood. This condition develops over months or years and can lead to kidney failure if left untreated.

Key Functions of Healthy Kidneys

• Filtering waste products from blood
• Regulating blood pressure
• Producing hormones for red blood cell production
• Maintaining bone health
• Controlling pH levels in the body

Stages of CKD

CKD is classified into five stages based on eGFR (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate):

1. Stage 1: Normal kidney function (eGFR ≥90)
2. Stage 2: Mild decrease (eGFR 60-89)
3. Stage 3: Moderate decrease (eGFR 30-59)
4. Stage 4: Severe decrease (eGFR 15-29)
5. Stage 5: Kidney failure (eGFR <15)

Common Causes

• Diabetes
• High blood pressure
• Glomerulonephritis
• Polycystic kidney disease
• Recurrent kidney infections

Symptoms

Early stages may have no symptoms. Later stages may include:

• Fatigue
• Swelling in feet and ankles
• Decreased urine output
• Difficulty sleeping
• High blood pressure
• Nausea and vomiting

Treatment Options

Lifestyle Changes

• Dietary modifications
• Regular exercise
• Smoking cessation
• Blood pressure management

Medical Management

• Blood pressure medications
• Medications for underlying conditions
• Supplements for anemia or bone health

Advanced Treatment

• Dialysis
• Kidney transplantation

Prevention Strategies

1. Control blood pressure and diabetes
2. Maintain healthy weight
3. Regular exercise
4. Avoid smoking
5. Limit alcohol consumption

When to See a Doctor

Consult your healthcare provider if you experience:

• Persistent fatigue
• Unexplained swelling
• Changes in urination
• Ongoing high blood pressure

Regular Monitoring

Regular monitoring includes:

• Blood tests
• Urine tests
• Blood pressure checks
• Regular medical check-ups