What is Cholera?
Cholera is an acute diarrheal illness caused by infection with the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. This infection affects the small intestine and can lead to severe dehydration if left untreated.
Key Symptoms
- Severe watery diarrhea ('rice-water stools')
- Vomiting
- Muscle cramps
- Rapid dehydration
- Low blood pressure
- Extreme thirst
Transmission
Cholera spreads primarily through:
- Contaminated water
- Contaminated food
- Poor sanitation
- Direct contact with infected feces
Risk Factors
- Living in areas with poor sanitation
- Limited access to clean water
- Living in crowded conditions
- Raw or undercooked seafood consumption
Prevention
-
Water Safety
- Drink only bottled or boiled water
- Use safe water for brushing teeth
- Avoid ice from unknown sources
-
Food Safety
- Eat thoroughly cooked foods
- Avoid raw seafood
- Choose fruits you can peel yourself
-
Hygiene
- Frequent handwashing
- Proper disposal of waste
- Clean food preparation surfaces
Treatment
Immediate Actions
- Oral rehydration therapy (ORT)
- IV fluids in severe cases
- Antibiotics when necessary
Long-term Management
- Maintaining hydration
- Electrolyte balance
- Proper nutrition
When to Seek Medical Care
Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:
- Severe diarrhea
- Rapid dehydration
- Persistent vomiting
Prevention Through Vaccination
Vaccination is available and recommended for:
- High-risk areas residents
- Aid workers
- Travelers to endemic regions
Complications if Untreated
- Severe dehydration
- Electrolyte imbalances
- Kidney failure
- Death within hours if untreated
Recovery and Follow-up
- Maintain good hygiene
- Complete prescribed medications
- Follow dietary recommendations
- Regular medical check-ups as advised