What Are Chilblains?
Chilblains (also known as pernio) are small, itchy swellings on the skin that occur as a reaction to cold temperatures. They most commonly affect the body's extremities, such as toes, fingers, ears, and nose.
Common Symptoms
- Reddish-blue discoloration of the skin
- Itching and burning sensation
- Swelling and inflammation
- Possible blistering in severe cases
- Pain upon warming
- Dry, cracked skin
Risk Factors
- Poor circulation
- Being underweight
- Living in damp, cold conditions
- Wearing tight footwear
- Having Raynaud's phenomenon
- Female gender (more commonly affected)
Prevention
- Keep warm in cold weather
- Wear appropriate clothing:
- Warm socks and gloves
- Multiple thin layers
- Waterproof footwear
- Avoid rapid temperature changes
- Stay active to promote circulation
- Keep your home well-heated
Treatment Options
Immediate Care
- Gradually warm affected areas
- Avoid direct heat sources
- Keep affected areas clean and dry
Medical Treatments
- Topical corticosteroids for inflammation
- Nifedipine (prescribed in some cases)
- Moisturizing lotions
When to Seek Medical Attention
- If chilblains are severe or recurring
- If blisters develop
- If there are signs of infection
- If you have underlying conditions like diabetes
Long-term Management
- Monitor weather conditions
- Maintain good circulation
- Consider lifestyle modifications
- Regular exercise
- Proper nutrition
Complications
If left untreated, chilblains can lead to:
- Infection
- Ulceration
- Permanent skin damage
- Scarring
Prevention Tips for High-Risk Individuals
- Regular circulation checks
- Smoking cessation (if applicable)
- Proper foot care
- Regular medical check-ups