Understanding Cardiovascular Disease

What is Cardiovascular Disease?

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) refers to a group of conditions affecting the heart and blood vessels. It remains the leading cause of death globally.

Common Types of CVD

• Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
  • Narrowing of heart arteries
  • Most common type of heart disease
• Heart Failure
  • Heart cannot pump blood effectively
• Arrhythmias
  • Irregular heartbeat patterns
• Valve Disease
  • Problems with heart valve function

Risk Factors

Modifiable Risk Factors

• High blood pressure
• High cholesterol
• Smoking
• Obesity
• Physical inactivity
• Diabetes

Non-modifiable Risk Factors

• Age
• Gender
• Family history
• Ethnicity

Warning Signs

• Chest pain or discomfort
• Shortness of breath
• Pain in arms, neck, jaw, or back
• Rapid or irregular heartbeat
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Fatigue

Prevention Strategies

1. Lifestyle Modifications

   • Regular exercise (150 minutes/week)
   • Healthy diet rich in fruits and vegetables
   • Weight management
   • Stress reduction

2. Medical Management

   • Regular check-ups
   • Blood pressure control
   • Cholesterol management
   • Blood sugar monitoring

Treatment Options

Conservative Treatment

• Medications
• Lifestyle changes
• Risk factor modification

Interventional Procedures

• Angioplasty
• Stent placement
• Bypass surgery

Living with CVD

• Follow medication schedule
• Attend regular check-ups
• Join cardiac rehabilitation programs
• Monitor symptoms
• Maintain healthy lifestyle changes