Understanding Bowel Polyps

What Are Bowel Polyps?

Bowel polyps are small growths that develop on the inner lining of the colon or rectum. These growths typically start as benign (non-cancerous) tissue masses, though some may develop into cancer over time.

Types of Polyps

• Adenomatous Polyps

  • Most common type (60-70%)
  • Higher risk of becoming cancerous
  • Require regular monitoring

• Hyperplastic Polyps

  • Usually smaller
  • Generally considered low risk
  • Less likely to become cancerous

Risk Factors

• Age (especially over 50)
• Family history of polyps or colorectal cancer
• Obesity
• Smoking
• Type 2 diabetes
• Inflammatory bowel disease

Symptoms

Most polyps don't cause symptoms, but larger ones may lead to:

• Rectal bleeding
• Changes in bowel habits
• Abdominal pain
• Iron deficiency anemia

Detection and Diagnosis

Screening Methods:

1. Colonoscopy
2. Flexible sigmoidoscopy
3. CT colonography
4. Stool tests

Treatment Options

• Polypectomy: Removal during colonoscopy
• Minimally invasive surgery: For larger polyps
• Regular follow-up: Based on type and number of polyps

Prevention

1. Regular screening
2. Healthy diet rich in fiber
3. Regular exercise
4. Maintaining healthy weight
5. Limiting alcohol intake
6. Not smoking

When to See a Doctor

Consult your healthcare provider if you experience:

• Unexplained changes in bowel habits
• Rectal bleeding
• Persistent abdominal pain
• Unexplained weight loss

Follow-up Care

Follow-up intervals depend on:

• Number of polyps found
• Size of polyps
• Type of polyps
• Family history