What Are Birthmarks?
Birthmarks are colored marks on the skin that are present at birth or develop shortly afterward. They vary in size, shape, color, and type.
Common Types of Birthmarks
Vascular Birthmarks
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Port-Wine Stains: Flat, pink, red, or purple marks caused by abnormal blood vessels
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Hemangiomas: Raised, bright red marks that may grow rapidly in infancy
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Salmon Patches: Pink or red patches often found on the neck, eyelids, or forehead
Pigmented Birthmarks
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Café-au-lait Spots: Light brown patches
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Mongolian Spots: Blue-gray patches commonly found on the lower back
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Moles (Congenital Nevi): Brown or black spots of various sizes
Causes
- Vascular birthmarks result from blood vessel abnormalities
- Pigmented birthmarks occur due to clusters of pigment cells
- Most birthmarks are not inherited and occur randomly
When to Seek Medical Attention
Consult a healthcare provider if your birthmark:
- Changes in size, color, or texture
- Becomes painful or bleeds
- Interferes with normal functions
- Causes emotional distress
Treatment Options
Medical Treatments
- Laser therapy for vascular birthmarks
- Surgical removal when necessary
- Medication for certain types of hemangiomas
Monitoring
- Regular check-ups for large or concerning birthmarks
- Photography to track changes
- Professional evaluation for associated conditions
Living with Birthmarks
- Most birthmarks are harmless
- Some fade or disappear with time
- Cosmetic coverage options are available
- Support groups can help with emotional aspects
Prevention
Birthmarks cannot be prevented, but early evaluation can help manage any potential complications.