Understanding Bipolar Disorder: Common Questions Answered

What is Bipolar Disorder?

Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition characterized by significant mood swings including emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression). These episodes can affect sleep, energy, activity, judgment, behavior, and the ability to think clearly.

Types of Bipolar Disorder

• Bipolar I Disorder: Defined by manic episodes lasting at least 7 days or severe manic symptoms requiring hospitalization
• Bipolar II Disorder: Characterized by hypomanic and depressive episodes
• Cyclothymic Disorder: Involving periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms lasting at least 2 years

Common Symptoms

Manic Episode Signs

• Increased energy and activity
• Euphoria or extreme irritability
• Racing thoughts
• Decreased need for sleep
• Risky behavior

Depressive Episode Signs

• Persistent sadness or hopelessness
• Loss of interest in activities
• Changes in sleep patterns
• Fatigue
• Thoughts of death or suicide

Treatment Options

1. Medications

   • Mood stabilizers
   • Antipsychotics
   • Antidepressants (when appropriate)

2. Psychotherapy

   • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
   • Family-focused therapy
   • Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy

Living with Bipolar Disorder

• Maintain a consistent sleep schedule
• Track mood changes and triggers
• Take medications as prescribed
• Attend regular therapy sessions
• Build a strong support network

When to Seek Help

Contact your healthcare provider if you:

• Experience severe mood changes
• Have thoughts of self-harm
• Notice significant changes in sleep or behavior
• Feel unable to maintain daily routines