What is Bipolar Disorder?
Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition characterized by significant mood swings that include emotional highs (mania or hypomania) and lows (depression).
Types of Bipolar Disorder
-
Bipolar I Disorder: Defined by manic episodes lasting at least 7 days
-
Bipolar II Disorder: Characterized by hypomanic episodes and depression
-
Cyclothymic Disorder: Milder form with less severe mood swings
Key Symptoms
Manic Episode Signs
- Increased energy and activity
- Elevated mood and euphoria
- Reduced need for sleep
- Racing thoughts
- Poor judgment and risky behavior
- Rapid speech
Depressive Episode Signs
- Persistent sadness
- Loss of interest in activities
- Changes in sleep patterns
- Fatigue
- Difficulty concentrating
- Thoughts of death or suicide
Diagnosis
Diagnosis involves:
- Detailed medical history
- Physical examination
- Mental health evaluation
- Mood tracking
- Family history assessment
Treatment Options
Medications
- Mood stabilizers
- Antipsychotics
- Antidepressants (used cautiously)
- Anti-anxiety medications
Psychotherapy
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
- Family-focused therapy
- Interpersonal therapy
Living with Bipolar Disorder
Self-Management Strategies
- Maintain regular sleep patterns
- Follow medication schedules
- Track mood changes
- Avoid alcohol and drugs
- Exercise regularly
- Practice stress management
When to Seek Help
Contact your healthcare provider if you:
- Experience severe mood changes
- Have thoughts of self-harm
- Cannot maintain daily routines
- Notice significant changes in sleep or energy
Support Resources
- Mental health professionals
- Support groups
- Crisis hotlines
- Family and friends
- Online communities