Understanding Atrial Fibrillation: A Patient's Guide

What Is Atrial Fibrillation?

Atrial fibrillation is an irregular heart rhythm condition where the upper chambers of the heart (atria) beat chaotically and out of coordination with the lower chambers (ventricles).

Key Symptoms

• Irregular heartbeat or heart palpitations
• Shortness of breath
• Fatigue or weakness
• Dizziness or lightheadedness
• Chest pain or discomfort

Risk Factors

• Advanced age (65+)
• High blood pressure
• Heart disease
• Obesity
• Diabetes
• Sleep apnea
• Excessive alcohol consumption

Potential Complications

• Stroke: AFib increases stroke risk 5x
• Heart failure: Weakened heart muscle
• Blood clots: Can form due to poor circulation

Treatment Options

1. Medications:

   • Blood thinners (anticoagulants)
   • Heart rhythm control drugs
   • Rate control medications

2. Procedures:

   • Cardioversion
   • Catheter ablation
   • Maze procedure

Lifestyle Changes

• Maintain healthy weight
• Regular exercise
• Heart-healthy diet
• Limit alcohol
• Stop smoking
• Manage stress

When to Seek Help

Contact your healthcare provider immediately if you experience:

• Severe shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• Fainting
• Prolonged rapid heartbeat