Understanding Aspergillosis

What is Aspergillosis?

Aspergillosis is a group of infections caused by Aspergillus fungi, which are commonly found in the environment. These molds can cause various types of health problems, particularly in people with weakened immune systems.

Types of Aspergillosis

• Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) - An allergic reaction in the lungs
• Chronic pulmonary aspergillosis - A long-term lung infection
• Invasive aspergillosis - A serious infection that can spread to other organs

Risk Factors

• Weakened immune system
• Lung diseases like asthma or cystic fibrosis
• Recent organ transplant
• Cancer treatment
• Long-term corticosteroid use

Common Symptoms

Allergic Aspergillosis

• Wheezing
• Shortness of breath
• Cough
• Fever

Invasive Aspergillosis

• High fever
• Chest pain
• Bloody cough
• Difficulty breathing

Diagnosis

1. Physical examination
2. Chest X-ray or CT scan
3. Blood tests
4. Sputum culture
5. Bronchoscopy in some cases

Treatment Options

Medications

• Antifungal drugs (e.g., voriconazole, amphotericin B)
• Oral corticosteroids for allergic forms
• Immunosuppressant medications when needed

Supportive Care

• Oxygen therapy
• Respiratory support
• Management of underlying conditions

Prevention

• Avoid areas with high mold exposure
• Use HEPA filters when recommended
• Wear masks in dusty areas if immunocompromised
• Maintain good personal hygiene

When to Seek Medical Care

Seek immediate medical attention if you experience:

• Severe difficulty breathing
• Coughing up blood
• High fever with chest pain
• Worsening symptoms despite treatment