Understanding and Treating Panic Disorder: A Comprehensive Guide

What is Panic Disorder?

Panic disorder is characterized by recurring, unexpected panic attacks and persistent worry about future attacks.

Treatment Options

1. Psychotherapy

• Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

  • Identifies and modifies thought patterns
  • Teaches coping strategies
  • Usually 12-16 sessions

• Exposure Therapy

  • Gradually faces feared situations
  • Reduces avoidance behaviors
  • Conducted under professional guidance

2. Medication Options

First-line Medications:

• SSRIs

  • Sertraline (Zoloft)
  • Fluoxetine (Prozac)
  • Paroxetine (Paxil)

• SNRIs

  • Venlafaxine (Effexor)

As-needed Medications:

• Benzodiazepines
  • Short-term use only
  • Used during severe attacks

3. Lifestyle Modifications

• Regular exercise
• Stress management techniques
• Sleep hygiene
• Avoiding caffeine and alcohol

Self-Help Strategies

Breathing Techniques

• Deep breathing exercises
• Box breathing method
• Diaphragmatic breathing

Relaxation Methods

• Progressive muscle relaxation
• Mindfulness meditation
• Guided imagery

When to Seek Help

• Frequent panic attacks
• Significant life interference
• Developing agoraphobia
• Suicidal thoughts

Treatment Success Rates

• 75-85% improvement with combined therapy
• Regular follow-up important
• Treatment plans individually tailored