Understanding and Preventing Coronary Artery Disease

What Is Coronary Artery Disease?

Coronary artery disease (CAD) develops when your coronary arteries become damaged or diseased, primarily due to plaque buildup (atherosclerosis).

Key Prevention Strategies

1. Maintain Healthy Blood Pressure

• Target: Below 120/80 mmHg
• Regular monitoring
• Take prescribed medications as directed

2. Control Cholesterol Levels

• LDL ("bad") cholesterol: Below 100 mg/dL
• HDL ("good") cholesterol: Above 40 mg/dL
• Triglycerides: Below 150 mg/dL

3. Lifestyle Modifications

Diet

• Reduce saturated and trans fats
• Increase fruits and vegetables
• Choose whole grains
• Limit sodium intake
• Consider Mediterranean diet

Exercise

• 150 minutes of moderate activity weekly
• 75 minutes of vigorous activity weekly
• Include both cardio and strength training

4. Smoking Cessation

• Quit smoking immediately
• Avoid secondhand smoke
• Seek professional help if needed

5. Stress Management

• Practice relaxation techniques
• Regular sleep schedule
• Consider counseling if needed

Risk Factors to Monitor

• Blood pressure
• Blood sugar levels
• Body weight
• Waist circumference

When to Contact Your Doctor

• Chest pain or discomfort
• Shortness of breath
• Irregular heartbeat
• Unusual fatigue

Regular Screenings

• Annual physical examination
• Regular lipid panel tests
• Blood pressure monitoring
• Diabetes screening