What is Ovarian Cancer?
Ovarian cancer develops when abnormal cells in the ovaries begin to multiply uncontrollably. The ovaries are reproductive organs that produce eggs and the hormones estrogen and progesterone.
Types of Ovarian Cancer
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Epithelial tumors: Most common type (90% of cases)
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Germ cell tumors: Develops in egg-producing cells
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Stromal tumors: Occurs in hormone-producing cells
Risk Factors
- Age (typically over 50)
- Family history of ovarian, breast, or colorectal cancer
- BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations
- Never having been pregnant
- Endometriosis
- Obesity
Common Symptoms
Early Warning Signs
- Bloating or abdominal swelling
- Pelvic or abdominal pain
- Difficulty eating or feeling full quickly
- Urinary symptoms (urgency or frequency)
Other Symptoms
- Fatigue
- Upset stomach
- Back pain
- Pain during intercourse
- Constipation
- Menstrual changes
Diagnosis
Common Tests Include:
- Pelvic exam
- Blood tests (CA-125)
- Imaging (ultrasound, CT, MRI)
- Biopsy
Treatment Options
Primary Treatments
- Surgery
- Chemotherapy
- Targeted therapy
- Immunotherapy
- Hormone therapy
Support Care
- Pain management
- Nutritional support
- Physical therapy
- Psychological support
Living with Ovarian Cancer
Self-Care Tips
- Maintain a balanced diet
- Stay physically active as able
- Get adequate rest
- Join support groups
- Keep all medical appointments
Follow-up Care
- Regular check-ups
- Monitoring for recurrence
- Managing side effects
- Survivorship care planning
Resources
- National Cancer Institute
- American Cancer Society
- Ovarian Cancer Research Alliance
- Local support groups
Emergency Signs
Seek immediate medical attention for:
- Severe abdominal pain
- Heavy bleeding
- Shortness of breath
- High fever
- Severe nausea/vomiting