Understanding and Managing Ingrown Toenails

What Is an Ingrown Toenail?

An ingrown toenail (onychocryptosis) occurs when the edge of the toenail grows into the surrounding soft tissue instead of over it. This condition most commonly affects the big toe.

Common Symptoms

• Pain and tenderness along the nail edges
• Redness around the toenail
• Swelling of the toe
• Possible infection signs:
  • Warmth
  • Drainage
  • Pus formation

Risk Factors

• Improper nail trimming
• Tight-fitting shoes
• Trauma to the toe
• Genetic predisposition
• Poor foot hygiene

Treatment Options

At-Home Care

1. Warm water soaks (3-4 times daily)
2. Gentle nail lifting
3. Over-the-counter pain relievers
4. Proper footwear

Medical Treatment

• Partial nail removal (partial matricectomy)
• Complete nail removal
• Antibiotics if infected

Prevention

1. Cut nails straight across
2. Wear properly fitting shoes
3. Keep feet clean and dry
4. Protect feet from injury

When to Seek Medical Care

• Severe pain
• Signs of infection
• Recurring problems
• Diabetes or poor circulation

Complications

• Infection (paronychia)
• Tissue overgrowth
• Chronic pain
• Nail deformity

Recovery and Aftercare

• Follow medical instructions
• Keep the area clean
• Monitor for signs of infection
• Maintain proper foot care